tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-4255305816059890771.post4747653056222173666..comments2023-03-10T03:34:10.940-08:00Comments on Cell Biology Blog: location location location, position of chromosomes, gene expression, and bad design?J.Francishttp://www.blogger.com/profile/10117553284795213150noreply@blogger.comBlogger43125tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-4255305816059890771.post-82936992085212637742011-05-10T20:50:19.282-07:002011-05-10T20:50:19.282-07:002. I think that this would be a huge hurdle for ev...2. I think that this would be a huge hurdle for evolution to go over. This level of organization does not seem to indicate anywhere the small successive mutations that evolution proclaims. The organization is clearly not random and if only small mutations can have deadly consequences it seems to me that those first cells would have to reproduce a lot faster than the ridicule rates that they would I'd at if even a few chromosomes where out o place.Davidhttps://www.blogger.com/profile/16355579207941453256noreply@blogger.comtag:blogger.com,1999:blog-4255305816059890771.post-22129671816688908602011-05-10T17:10:46.312-07:002011-05-10T17:10:46.312-07:001) Progeria is caused by a mutation in the Laminin...1) Progeria is caused by a mutation in the Laminin gene which causes laminin to not be produced as efficiently. Laminin is needed for the scaffolding of the nucleus. One side effect of the unstable nucleus is the disease progeria. This just shows how disorganization or unstability in the <br />nucleus or the DNA can cause problems in expression of genes or the synthesis of proteins. I do not believe that this points to faulty design. This is just another aspect of the fallen world, mutations can happen and cause complications and diseases due to the imperfections in the world.<br /><br />2) Evolutionists cling to the idea that eukaryotes evolved from prokaryotes and gained a nucleus through endosymbiosis. After absorbing another cell and impossibly turning it into a nucleus. <br />After that, the new nucleus would have to absorb the host cell's DNA and be taught how to organize the mess of DNA that wasn't as organized in the prokaryotic cell. So many hurdles must be overcome in this idea.Anonymousnoreply@blogger.comtag:blogger.com,1999:blog-4255305816059890771.post-54699877702607708382011-05-06T16:15:03.873-07:002011-05-06T16:15:03.873-07:00From my peripheral understanding, Progeria is the ...From my peripheral understanding, Progeria is the entanglement of matrix fibers resulting in a difference in the chromosome pattern either making it more or less accessible when needed. I don’t believe its bad design necessarily, I just think its one of the many repercussions from the fall. If this was a “bad design”, we could say that cancer, down syndrome, or cystic fibrosis all fall under that category. They are all microscopic mutations that just prove how perfect Gods design is and that there must be some sort of design and we can see His grace.<br />Evolutionists believe that things evolve from a simple form to a more complex form so it would make sense that an unorganized nucleus would evolve to be more organized over the span of time figuring out new ways to successfully organize a cell for perfect function. In a prokaryotic cell there is only one chromosome that is said to be naked DNA and circular, where in a eukaryotic cell there are many more chromosomes that contain histones. Right there would already be a large hurdle alone to explain, how did histones evolve, where did they come from. Even, a prokaryotic cell only containing one chromosome would not specifically need organization of the location of the chromosome because there is only one.Natapeahttps://www.blogger.com/profile/01051986197868041757noreply@blogger.comtag:blogger.com,1999:blog-4255305816059890771.post-30735810801495600942011-05-05T00:03:54.577-07:002011-05-05T00:03:54.577-07:00Bethany, while your comment is optimistic, I'm...Bethany, while your comment is optimistic, I'm going to point out a critical error in what you said. Your comment fails to take into consideration the fall. Yes, when God created the earth it was "very good." But then sin entered the world causing death, decay, destruction, and degeneration. Creation is now inherently flawed. The fact is, your ankle could be "bad." Diseases relating to chromosomal organization are "bad." Now, this doesn't mean a Creator doesn't exist--it just means His creation has been scarred by sin.Luke Khttps://www.blogger.com/profile/04377707627564535566noreply@blogger.comtag:blogger.com,1999:blog-4255305816059890771.post-39599836715791997082011-05-04T23:43:27.799-07:002011-05-04T23:43:27.799-07:001 Progeria is a mutation in Lamin which makes prot...1 Progeria is a mutation in Lamin which makes proteins that end up holding the cell together. This may result from nuclear unorganization but it does not support the notion of bad design. The reason I think this is because if there is any mution in any design most of the time it will result in some negative and possibly harmful way. <br />2 The organization could evolve and become more complicated as the nucleus is trying to adapt to certain changes. Evolution would have to overcome the fact that the whole nucleus and chromosome organization is so complex and if anything this should show that there is so much design.Matt Khttps://www.blogger.com/profile/01866565858234517470noreply@blogger.comtag:blogger.com,1999:blog-4255305816059890771.post-89574285712571037972011-05-03T13:33:42.606-07:002011-05-03T13:33:42.606-07:001. The Progeria Research Foundation says this abou...1. The Progeria Research Foundation says this about Lamin A:<br />“Hutchinson-Gilford Progeria Syndrome ("Progeria", or "HGPS") is caused by a mutation in the gene called LMNA (pronounced, lamin - a). The LMNA gene produces the Lamin A protein, which is the structural scaffolding that holds the nucleus of a cell together. Researchers now believe that the defective Lamin A protein makes the nucleus unstable. That cellular instability appears to lead to the process of premature aging in Progeria.”<br /><br />http://www.progeriaresearch.org/about_progeria.html <br /><br />So, if Lamin A keeps the chromosomes tethered in the right spot, and stable, then a defect in Lamin A would only cause disorder and chaos. Going back to your power cord analogy, it’d be like having a garage packed full of tightly wound cords, but they were all color coded and ordered according to something specific. If for some reason there was a defect in the power cords and they were all the same color, then the order would be lost and function would be lost or defective…or something along those lines, the point is that if there’s a defect in the thing keeping everything running smoothly, of course there will be complications and disease. I don’t think that is a fair reason to say it’s a bad design. With the fall came sin and everything became defective. The design works perfectly well as long as there is no mutation in the gene, right? So the design isn’t to blame, the sin that cause change in the perfect design is at fault.<br /><br />2. I think evolution would have a hard time overcoming the organization aspect. Hypothetically, if the nucleus evolved over time, and more and more genetic information was added it would become a confused mess without the specific enzymes (like Lamin A) keeping it organized. That enzyme would have to be there from the start keeping the DNA in order and the chromosomes in its place or it would cause diseases like Progeria and cancer. If evolution occurred, how did that enzyme get there and how was the genetic material functioning properly without it?Kaylin Youngshttps://www.blogger.com/profile/01378249574571730147noreply@blogger.comtag:blogger.com,1999:blog-4255305816059890771.post-70769157319769769982011-05-01T17:47:47.163-07:002011-05-01T17:47:47.163-07:001.Progeria is a disease which causes rapid aging a...1.Progeria is a disease which causes rapid aging among children. The scrambled DNA could result in this by causing certain proteins not to be made, as they are unable to reach the DNA which may code for the proteins. With a lack of proteins, the effects of age would appear to occur, as the proteins do not take care of the cell as they would in a normal person. I believe this is evidence for a creator, as it shows that the DNA cannot be randomly arranged, otherwise it would not do the function it was meant to do. This means that no cells could survive without these proteins, and life would have ceased to exist if it had happened by chance.<br />2.There is little evidence for evolution, as the prokaryotes which function quite adequately with DNA rings would have had to create greater DNA structure. This seems unlikely, as then all prokaryotic cells would have eventually developed to have greater nuclear structure.Trent Thelenhttps://www.blogger.com/profile/10344282956605558527noreply@blogger.comtag:blogger.com,1999:blog-4255305816059890771.post-22532617502018070722011-05-01T00:47:40.577-07:002011-05-01T00:47:40.577-07:00Progeria, such as most diseases like it, is a dise...Progeria, such as most diseases like it, is a disease that is quite rare. It's the dysfunction of genetic code wherein the symptoms of the disease are signs of aspects of aging that show very early on in the life of the patient. The word progeria is in fact a compound of two Greek words that mean "before" and "old age" and together are literally translated as "prematurely old." Also, not only do the patients exhibit signs of old age, they also tend to live very short lives, ranging from teenage years up to their mid-twenties.<br /><br />The cause lies in a dysfunction in the position of an LMNA gene. It replaces cytosine with thymine. This cannot be processed as easily as cytosine and therefore accumulates in the nucleus of the cell. This is a protein called Lamin A.Ronnie David Riverahttps://www.blogger.com/profile/12942542646747880022noreply@blogger.comtag:blogger.com,1999:blog-4255305816059890771.post-67945743038824586252011-04-28T20:57:13.530-07:002011-04-28T20:57:13.530-07:001. Progeria is where symptoms of aging are shown a...1. Progeria is where symptoms of aging are shown at an early age. They are also known as “prematurely old.” They have a genetic mutation that is usually encoded on the protein lamin A, but it is not inherited. They resemble normal human aging but at a very young age. Nuclear Organization can lead to this syndrome and other disease states because if lamin was inhibited then the finishing processes of DNA and RNA would not be able to finish. Affecting the DNA affects the whole organism especially in a gene mutation. DNA needs to be organized to help develop the organism. If there is a bad design in the DNA then there is a “bad design” in the organism. Life as God made it is to be complex. He made each individual in their own way and design. God has definitely shown His existence through life and creation so I believe that there is only one designer of a cell and that is God. <br />2. Well since prokaryotes do not have a nucleus, and the only problem would be getting the chromosomes to get into their specific areas. If the prokaryotes were to evolve they would need something to help them organize the growing chromosomes. Without doing this then the cell would probably die.cashburnhttps://www.blogger.com/profile/01771554170496530869noreply@blogger.comtag:blogger.com,1999:blog-4255305816059890771.post-85016971138598432562011-04-23T15:35:37.886-07:002011-04-23T15:35:37.886-07:00I wouldn't call the chomosome thing a "ba...I wouldn't call the chomosome thing a "bad design"..because everything God creates is good...I would of course say that God creates everything for a reason. I used to call my ankle something that was "bad" but now I know that I can't possibly say that. God creates everything for His purpose..everything is designed to give Him glory. And I wouldn't say that some things that promote cell disease are a sign of there being no life designer..if anything, I would think there was one. how could nothing just create such a complicated system of chomosomes? How could the nucleus and the chromosomes just evolve perfectly into place almost 99 percent of the time? Just doesn't make sense. I love everyone's comments! I don't really have anything else to add to it. :)Bethany Gonzaleshttps://www.blogger.com/profile/05600088033435176166noreply@blogger.comtag:blogger.com,1999:blog-4255305816059890771.post-23412801218343673722011-04-23T14:51:04.838-07:002011-04-23T14:51:04.838-07:00With the improper placement of specific genes, one...With the improper placement of specific genes, one can develop proteins that will not properly function in the cells. LMNA in progeria patients is not in the correct spot so Lamin A does not function properly and too much of it is stored in the cell. Erik made a great point, I think that this just proves that we're sinners. XD God created man and woman in His image...with perfect bodies until we decided to sin. Does disease eliminate the chances of a designer? No, it just proves that we are fallen and separated from God's presence (for now). :)<br /><br />-Sarah GonzalesSoul Sistashttps://www.blogger.com/profile/11794236159194722209noreply@blogger.comtag:blogger.com,1999:blog-4255305816059890771.post-90446364489497033572011-04-20T15:02:52.250-07:002011-04-20T15:02:52.250-07:002. By definition, evolution must be irreducibly co...2. By definition, evolution must be irreducibly complex. Nuclear organization and chromosome location is just another example in nature that points to the creator, not evolution. Even if all of the right chromosomes were in the nucleus, what is the chance that all of them would be arranged in the right position? What would the consequences be if they were disorganized? They would be diseased and prone to die. Even the small details of life are too complex to evolve.Erik Granthttps://www.blogger.com/profile/09637937561820627359noreply@blogger.comtag:blogger.com,1999:blog-4255305816059890771.post-40782286413211696872011-04-20T15:02:20.004-07:002011-04-20T15:02:20.004-07:001. If a nucleus isn’t properly organized, defects ...1. If a nucleus isn’t properly organized, defects in gene expression and DNA accessibility could occur. This could relate to the changes that elderly people have in gene expression compared to their younger years. This could relate to diseases because defective organization could result in mis-transcribed proteins. The fact that nuclei slowly become disorganized is just an example of the 1st Law of Thermodynamics. All things become disorganized. This shows that they must have been organized in the first place. This is proof of a designer. In fact, before the fall, our cell’s nuclei may not have had this defect. This shows evidence for a creator. The creator.Erik Granthttps://www.blogger.com/profile/09637937561820627359noreply@blogger.comtag:blogger.com,1999:blog-4255305816059890771.post-65503991204834479002011-04-18T23:20:38.826-07:002011-04-18T23:20:38.826-07:00Progeria is caused by a point mutation of the LMNA...Progeria is caused by a point mutation of the LMNA gene when cytosine is replaced with thymine. This creates a different form of the Lamin A protein that cannot be processed or used and therefore accumulates in the nucleus of the cell causing premature aging. Nuclear organization could lead to this disease by mixing up a few DNA strands and causing the wrong base pairs to be paired up. In my opinion this does not indicate bad design but a fallen people. We are all subject to the fall and as such we do not have the perfection that human beings once had. This applies not only to our minds and souls but our bodies as well. They malfunction because of the fall, not bad design. Nuclear organization and chromosome location would have had to go through massive hoops in order to function properly in an evolutionary model. Since everything must work together perfectly to create a working cell there is no room for “trial and error” over millions of years and therefore the good old irreducible complexity once again sets fire to evolutionary thoughts on the origin of life.shannonhttps://www.blogger.com/profile/10996421232069729877noreply@blogger.comtag:blogger.com,1999:blog-4255305816059890771.post-89443033631465286622011-04-12T11:56:12.563-07:002011-04-12T11:56:12.563-07:002. I think the hardest part of evolution would def...2. I think the hardest part of evolution would defiantly be the evolution of a defined nuclear membrane containing the DNA. Since making a lipid bi-layer is quite difficult imagine having to make one inside the other and then changing the concentrations so the cytoplasm is completely on the outside while the DNA is neatly packed in the nucleus. Further more that membrane has to be permeable only to nucleic acids so that the mRNA and other RNAs can exit and enter without rupturing or contaminating the DNADavidhttps://www.blogger.com/profile/16355579207941453256noreply@blogger.comtag:blogger.com,1999:blog-4255305816059890771.post-3743715691336420322011-04-11T02:34:32.925-07:002011-04-11T02:34:32.925-07:00Progeria is caused by a mutation in the lamin-a ge...Progeria is caused by a mutation in the lamin-a gene. This gene is what holds the nucleus of a cell together. It has been found that the defective lamin-a protein makes the nucleus unstable which leads to the process of premature aging.<br />Progeria is observed to be the result of a dominant mutation, where the gene has one normal copy and one mutant copy. But, the mutation is found to be sporadic at the time of conception.<br />It could be an error in the localization of the chromosome that would cause this disease. This error could cause the instability of the nucleus, and possibly confuse cells that drive developmental functions. <br />This doesn't give support to bad design. If anything it should highlight the complexity of our bodies. One single 'mess-up' can cause such a severe disease. If it were up to bad design, there would be more than just one error. This complexity shows how everything must be perfectly created and placed in its proper position for it to work.Jillianhttps://www.blogger.com/profile/12915467093642419513noreply@blogger.comtag:blogger.com,1999:blog-4255305816059890771.post-71097369451983321952011-04-10T16:15:57.103-07:002011-04-10T16:15:57.103-07:00well of course there is more but that my friends i...well of course there is more but that my friends is for another time.vjhttps://www.blogger.com/profile/05766487454885848140noreply@blogger.comtag:blogger.com,1999:blog-4255305816059890771.post-86144694149323552442011-04-10T16:14:05.485-07:002011-04-10T16:14:05.485-07:00It seems that there are so many complication and ...It seems that there are so many complication and diseases that occur in the chromosomes. if the chromosomes are not in the right place or if some component inside of the nucleus is missing as we found in one such as the case of the progeria disease. as we have seen in life, if life is to exist there must be order in the cell and this we see is what the nucleus provides.<br />2 as a well known fact that prokaryotes don't have a nucleus which then would not give them that desired order in the cells right ! well not quite this nucleus-less prokaryote seem to still live and functing fine right? so why is it not dead with out the nucleus? well because this long coded chain called DNA came along and said hey we need to straighten up in this cell now don't we cell and so the DNA gave the cell that missing organization that was missing and tada that all there is to it.vjhttps://www.blogger.com/profile/05766487454885848140noreply@blogger.comtag:blogger.com,1999:blog-4255305816059890771.post-12295892921367013392011-04-10T16:08:08.996-07:002011-04-10T16:08:08.996-07:00This comment has been removed by the author.vjhttps://www.blogger.com/profile/05766487454885848140noreply@blogger.comtag:blogger.com,1999:blog-4255305816059890771.post-27697157340221448852011-04-10T14:47:15.065-07:002011-04-10T14:47:15.065-07:001. Progeria is caused by a mutation on the gene th...1. Progeria is caused by a mutation on the gene that encodes for protein lamin A. Lamin A is called an intermediate filament protein, it provides stability and strength for the cells. It is primarily located in the nuclear lamina, which is attached to the inner membrane of the nuclear envelope. Researchers believe that the nuclear envelope plays a key role in regulating the activity of certain genes, so if the nuclear envelope is defective the genes it regulates will be defective as well. According to the Progeria Research Foundation “the defective Lamin A protein makes the nucleus unstable. That cellular instability appears to lead to the process of premature aging.” If the chromosomes of these children are misplaced then the needed proteins are not being synthesized. One of the symptoms is baldness, these children are not able to make the proteins that aid in hair growth. All of their symptoms seem to point to deficiencies in proteins, which makes sense because of the instability of the nucleus. If the chromosomes are not in the correct spot, then the DNA cannot be transcript properly and needed proteins are not synthesized. <br />And no, the fact that one defect in cell structure can cause many diseases does not point to the notion of bad design, it points to sin is what it does. It also points to a creator. Think of it, if we were evolved we would not be so complicated as one small gene could change our entire life. Every single gene is precisely organized in our body, there is no way we could evolve and end up like that. We had to be created by an intelligent God with a plan. <br /><br />2. Prokaryotic DNA is not formed into chromosomes like eukaryotic cells are. Histones are proteins found in eukaryotic cells. They package and order the DNA into nucleuosomes which are the chief protein component of chromatin. DNA then winds around chromatin.An evolutionist could argue that the histones evolved which then allowed for the “packaging” of DNA into chromosomes. A big hurdle evolution would have to overcome is how would something so complex as a histone form, and from what? There is nothing in a prokaryotic cell even close to histones that it could form from. And then to go from seemingly unorganized DNA in prokaryotes to everything being organized in eukaryotes, there is just too much left to chance for this ever to occur.k.preheimhttps://www.blogger.com/profile/03868032355916862740noreply@blogger.comtag:blogger.com,1999:blog-4255305816059890771.post-29179279863634313502011-04-09T18:33:32.284-07:002011-04-09T18:33:32.284-07:001. "Researchers have discovered a single gene...1. "Researchers have discovered a single gene mutation responsible for Hutchinson-Gilford progeria syndrome. The gene is known as lamin A (LMNA), which makes a protein necessary to holding the center (nucleus) of a cell together. Researchers believe the genetic mutation renders cells unstable, which appears to lead to progeria's characteristic aging process." Progeria is not a disease that is inherited through family line, but "rather, the gene change is a chance occurrence that researchers believe affects a single sperm or egg just before conception. Neither parent is a carrier, so the mutations in the children's genes are new". Progeria is caused by a point mutation in lamin A which does not show that there is faulty design, but just shows that we live in a fallen world where mutations do happen and even different point mutations are a cause of many diseases. "The point mutation in Lamin A results in activation of a cryptic splice site within exon 11, resulting in production of a protein product that deletes 50 amino acids near the carboxy terminus. Immunofluorescence of HGPS fibroblasts with antibodies directed against lamin A revealed that many cells show visible abnormalities of the nuclear membrane. The discovery of the molecular basis of this disease may shed light on the general phenomenon of human aging." <br /><br />2. I think that as these two processes would have been evolving over millions of years and there would have been no way to organize it all without everything that is now in a eukaryote cell being there from the beginning. The prokaryote wouldn't have had millions of years to evolve these processes and organize themselves because a eukaryotic cell cannot function without nuclear organization and without certain chemicals. This means that the eukaryote cell is irreducibly complex.Susan Subrahmanyamhttps://www.blogger.com/profile/16250435809623306372noreply@blogger.comtag:blogger.com,1999:blog-4255305816059890771.post-87662146748140249822011-04-09T13:22:40.932-07:002011-04-09T13:22:40.932-07:001. "HGPS is caused by a mutation in the gene ...1. "HGPS is caused by a mutation in the gene called LMNA (pronounced, lamin – a). The LMNA gene produces the Lamin A protein, which is the structural scaffolding that holds the nucleus of a cell together. Researchers now believe that the defective Lamin A protein makes the nucleus unstable. That cellular instability appears to lead to the process of premature aging in Progeria. Progeria signs include growth failure, loss of body fat and hair, aged-looking skin, stiffness of joints, hip dislocation, generalized atherosclerosis, cardiovascular (heart) disease and stroke."<br /><br />Source http://www.progeriaresearch.org/progeria_101.html<br /><br />Many diseases are related to chromosome structure and function including cancer, this does not support the notion of bad design. The reason is diseases are caused by the fall of man, it is when humans' sins have destroyed the perfect creation of God.My Ai Nguyenhttps://www.blogger.com/profile/08861686555290280691noreply@blogger.comtag:blogger.com,1999:blog-4255305816059890771.post-6820646310243445432011-04-07T10:54:35.284-07:002011-04-07T10:54:35.284-07:00Wow, I do not think I have ever heard of this dise...Wow, I do not think I have ever heard of this disease, so it is very interesting, yet saddening to see pictures of people with this disease. <br /><br />1. It seems that the cell is disorganized, so the organelles, genes, and maybe even receptors are in the wrong to do their job. I am imagining it be something like molecules that have to be in the right orientation to bond with other molecules, like hydrogen with oxygen to form water. If the cell is disorganized, it probably cannot find the ribosomes, or "machines" needed to make the right genes, and thus a mutation forms. Just a thought. I do not think this is necessarily bad design. I read a statistic that said there have only been about 1400 cases of progeria over the last few hundred years. Considering how many people have lived on this earth in this time, and how many people have had this disease, I would say it is very rare, and does not have much to do with the creator. If anything, I would say that there is a creator involved here because He kept the rest of the millions of people from getting progeria. <br /><br />http://courses.cit.cornell.edu/psych527_nbb420-720/student2005/ljh34/faq.htm<br /><br />2. I like Jordan's hypothesis, and especially when she said that the evolutionists would have to account for gaining genetic material. There cannot be anything new without something creating it, like God.Micayla Frankianhttps://www.blogger.com/profile/03232260992139580329noreply@blogger.comtag:blogger.com,1999:blog-4255305816059890771.post-4846928136476658362011-04-06T19:20:32.387-07:002011-04-06T19:20:32.387-07:001.) Progeria is caused by a defect in the gene tha...1.) Progeria is caused by a defect in the gene that codes for lamin which organzies the geneticmaterial housed in the cell nucleus. Many symptoms of aging in people that do not have progeria are cuased by slower cell turnover rates. This makes sense with progeria cases too- if the DNA is not properly organized, cell reproduction is much slower which can lead to the stiffening tissues, stunted growth, hair loss and over-all deterioration of the body. I liked how Luke compared it to the garage. I think that this diease doesn't support "bad design" as much as it hurts it. If anything it emphasizes how perfectly placed everything needs to be in order for a cell to survive. Organization requires order and the world is consantly approaching chaos, not order therfor thing can't go from less order to more order unless someone deliberately puts it that way<br /><br />2.) Prokaryotes would have to develop genes for proteins and structures to perform the necessary functions for managing genetic material into chromosomes. This would mean that they would somehow have had to gain genetic material that doesn't exist. According to natural selection genetic material is only lost, not gained therefor evolution just contradicted itself.Anonymousnoreply@blogger.comtag:blogger.com,1999:blog-4255305816059890771.post-55788527889718618312011-04-06T15:59:28.080-07:002011-04-06T15:59:28.080-07:002)
I can agree a bit with Sarah’s idea that a vir...2)<br /> I can agree a bit with Sarah’s idea that a virus could have caused a change in the DNA of a prokaryote and possibly altered the genes that encode for the membrane proteins that hold the centrosomes in their proper place. However, a hurdle to overcome would be the fact that as prokaryotes became eukaryotes then cytokinesis would be dependent on centrosomes. If the proteins that held the centrosomes in the proper place were not fully developed, and the centrosomes themselves were not fully developed (from what, because as best as I can tell, prokaryotes do not have centrosomes...), then cytokinesis would fail.Samhttps://www.blogger.com/profile/06238838680424688524noreply@blogger.com